CNC stands for Computerized Numerical Control. It is a computerized manufacturing process in which pre-programmed software and code controls the movement of production equipment. CNC machining controls a range of complex machinery, such as grinders, lathes, and turning mills, all of which are used to cut, shape, and create different parts and prototypes. On the day to day, CNC machinists combine elements of mechanical design, technical drawings, mathematics, and computer programming skills to produce a variety of metal and plastic parts. CNC operators can take a sheet of metal and turn it into a critical airplane or automobile part.

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VMC machining refers to machining operations that utilize vertical machining centers (VMCs), which, as the name suggests, have vertically oriented machine tools. These machines are primarily utilized to turn raw blocks of metal, such as aluminum or steel, into machined components. They can be used to perform a variety of machining operations, including, but not limited to, the following: cutting, drilling, tapping, countersinking, chamfering, carving, and engraving. This versatility, combined with their relatively low cost, has made them a highly common machine shop tool.

Vertical machining centers can be used to manufacture parts and products for a wide range of industries and applications. However, they are primarily used for high-precision, high-accuracy, and mass-production projects

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Machining generally describes a manufacturing process in which a worker uses sharp cutting tools to remove excess material from a part in order to create a desirable new shape. Castings, forgings, extrusions, bar stock and even raw materials can all provide substrates for the process of machining.

Typically, machining constitutes a secondary operation. It usually involves cutting away and discarding a portion of the material.

The process of machining rarely proves economical when it involves removing more than 40% of the weight of the part. In that case, the manufacturer should rely upon other manufacturing techniques, such as forging or casting.

The final shape of the part conforms to dimensions specified by the manufacturer. Companies employ machining to add features to or refine an existing metal component. Machinists may also smooth the surface of a part to achieve a finer finish. Nowadays, machining allows for the production of metal parts within high tolerance levels.

Manufacturing facilities frequently apply machining to add desired features to metal components. The features may include holes, slots, flattened surfaces, pockets, or even complex exterior markings.

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Tool and die makers construct precision tools or metal forms, called dies, that are used to cut, shape, and form metal and other materials. They produce jigs and fixtures devices that hold metal while it is bored, stamped, or drilled and gauges and other measuring devices.

Dies are used to shape metal in stamping and forging operations. They also make metal molds for die casting and for molding plastics, ceramics, and composite materials.

Tool and die makers use CAD to develop products and parts. They enter designs into computer programs that produce blueprints for the required tools and dies. Computer numeric control programmers, described in the metal and plastic machine workers profile, convert CAD designs into CAM programs that contain instructions for a sequence of cutting-tool operations.

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